Which reagent is necessary for measuring lead in whole blood using atomic absorption spectrophotometry?

In the context of measuring lead in whole blood using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, Triton X-100 serves as a surfactant that helps improve the accuracy and reliability of the measurements. Specifically, it minimizes the formation of bubbles and aids in the dispersion of the sample in solution, ultimately enhancing the detection of lead.

Triton X-100 functions by breaking down the surface tension of the blood sample, allowing for more homogeneous mixing and better interaction of the lead ions with the light source in the spectrophotometer. This is crucial in a clinical setting, as accurate measurement of lead levels in blood is essential for diagnosing lead poisoning and assessing occupational and environmental risks.

While other reagents like lanthanum can be relevant in certain contexts (such as preventing the interference of other elements when measuring certain metals), the key role of Triton X-100 in this scenario directly relates to its surfactant properties, making it the necessary reagent for optimal measurement of lead in whole blood samples.