Which of the following markers indicate a higher relapse rate in breast cancer?

Cathepsin-D is a lysosomal protease that has been studied extensively in the context of breast cancer. Its expression levels have been associated with a more aggressive tumor phenotype, which correlates with higher rates of recurrence and poorer prognosis in breast cancer patients. Elevated levels of Cathepsin-D can indicate increased tumor invasiveness and metastatic potential.

In contrast, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status are typically associated with the hormonal responsiveness of the tumor. While negative hormone receptor status can predict a higher risk of relapse, it is Cathepsin-D that directly links to aggressive tumor characteristics and higher relapse rates. Nuclear matrix protein has also been studied, but its correlation is less direct compared to the frequency and implications of Cathepsin-D expression in relation to recurrence. Thus, among the options provided, Cathepsin-D is the marker most strongly associated with an increased likelihood of breast cancer relapse.