Which of the following conditions is associated with hypokalemia?

Hypokalemia, which refers to a lower than normal level of potassium in the blood, can indeed be associated with alkalosis. In metabolic or respiratory alkalosis, the body's pH is elevated, which can lead to potassium ions shifting from the extracellular space into cells. This intracellular shift can result in a lower serum potassium concentration, contributing to hypokalemia.

In addition to this, alkalosis often stimulates the kidneys to excrete more potassium, further exacerbating the condition. Thus, when evaluating conditions associated with hypokalemia, alkalosis stands out as a significant link due to these physiological interactions.

The other conditions mentioned do have distinct relationships with potassium levels: Addison's disease often leads to hyperkalemia due to adrenal insufficiency, hemolytic anemia does not typically produce significant changes in potassium levels, and digoxin intoxication commonly results in hyperkalemia, particularly when associated with renal impairment.