Which of the following biochemical processes is promoted by insulin?

Insulin is a key hormone in the regulation of glucose metabolism and plays a crucial role in lowering blood glucose levels. One of its primary functions is to facilitate the uptake of glucose by cells, particularly in muscle and adipose (fat) tissues. When blood glucose levels are elevated, such as after a meal, insulin is secreted by the pancreas. This hormone binds to its receptors on target cells, triggering a cascade of events that increases the number of glucose transporters on the cell membrane, primarily GLUT4 in muscle and adipose tissue.

As a result, cells can take in more glucose from the bloodstream, which not only helps to lower blood sugar levels but also provides the necessary energy for cellular functions. This process is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis in the body.

The other processes listed are not promoted by insulin. Glycogenolysis, the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, and gluconeogenesis, the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, are typically stimulated by hormones such as glucagon, especially during periods of fasting or low blood glucose levels. Lipolysis, the breakdown of fats into fatty acids and glycerol, is also inhibited by insulin, as insulin promotes fat storage rather than fat breakdown.

Thus