Which condition can cause an increased anion gap?

An increased anion gap typically indicates the presence of unmeasured anions in the blood, which commonly results from certain metabolic conditions. Renal failure is known to significantly contribute to an increased anion gap due to the accumulation of metabolic waste products, such as phosphates, sulfates, and organic acids, that are normally cleared by the kidneys. When renal function is compromised, these anions accumulate, leading to a higher measured anion gap.

In addition, renal failure can lead to metabolic acidosis, often due to the accumulation of hydrogen ions along with these unmeasured anions. This is a key feature of chronic kidney disease and acute renal failure, making it a clear example of how renal function impacts the anion gap. Thus, recognizing the relationship between renal failure and increased anion gap is essential for understanding various metabolic disturbances in clinical chemistry.