What should be done if all hemoglobins have greater anodal mobility than usual but the current reading is too low?

When all hemoglobins exhibit greater anodal mobility than expected, it indicates that there may be factors affecting the separation or migration of the hemoglobins in the electrophoresis medium. If the current reading is low, one potential issue could be related to the buffer's effectiveness, which might be diminished due to age or other factors that impact its ionic strength or pH.

Preparing a fresh buffer can ensure that the conditions for electrophoresis are optimal, which is crucial for achieving accurate and consistent results. Fresh buffer is necessary to maintain pH stability and proper ionic strength, both of which significantly influence how proteins, including hemoglobins, move during electrophoresis. With a fresh buffer, you can expect improved migration and separation of hemoglobins, leading to more reliable readings.

In contrast, other options like reducing the voltage or adjusting the running time might not address the root cause of the issue. Diluting the buffer and adjusting the pH can alter the conditions, but may not necessarily resolve the problem with low readings due to compromised buffer effectiveness. Therefore, repeating the test with fresh buffer is the most reliable approach to ensure accurate electrophoretic results.