What is the sample of choice for lead screening?

The sample of choice for lead screening is whole blood. This is because whole blood contains both red blood cells and plasma, allowing for the accurate measurement of the blood lead level, which is a direct indicator of lead exposure in the body. Blood tests are preferred for assessing recent or ongoing exposure, as lead can be found in the circulating blood shortly after absorption.

Using hair, serum, or urine for lead screening is less effective. Hair analysis may detect long-term exposure but does not accurately reflect current blood lead levels. Serum is not typically used in lead testing because lead is not primarily found in the serum; it is predominantly in the blood cells. Urine tests can measure lead excretion but are not reliable for determining body burden or recent exposure, making whole blood the standard and most reliable sample for lead screening.